2 year old presenting with leucoria and proptosis

2 year old presenting with leucoria and proptosis

2 year old presenting with leucoria and proptosis

  • Images 1: Axial T2 and T1 images demonstrate a T2/T1 hyperintense right intraocular mass with the large exophytic component, distorting the right globe with proptosis.
  • Images 2: Axial T2 and T1 images demonstrate well-defined extra-axial mass lesions in the suprasellar region with internal cystic changes.
  • Images 3: Oblique sagittal STIR and T2 sagittal images demonstrate the extra-scleral extension of the lesion along the right optic nerve involving the optic chiasma and contiguity with the supra-sellar lesion.
  • Images 4: Axial SWI and ADC images demonstrate hyperintensity on DWI with the corresponding dark signal on ADC in the intraocular and suprasellar lesion.
  • Image 5: Coronal T2 image demonstrates patchy and leptomeningeal spread of lesion along the right frontal lobe

DIAGNOSIS:

Right ocular Retinoblastoma – Group F

Discussion:

  • The most common intraocular tumor of childhood is associated with a mutation of the Rb1 gene on chromosome 13.
  • They can be sporadic (60%) and hereditary (40%).
  • Hereditary cases have an increased risk of developing osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, and melanoma in later life.
  • Retinoblastoma is classified as:
    1. Unilateral: One globe.
    2. Bilateral: Both globes.
    3. Trilateral: Both globes + Pineal/Suprasellar lesion.
    4. Quadrilateral: Both globes + Pineal + suprasellar.
  • MRI is mainstay for diagnosis and grouping of lesion.
  • Grouping of lesion is based on International classification of Retinoblastoma.
  • Lesions can demonstrate calcifications.
  • Important checkpoints are subretinal seeding, choroidal invasion, and scleral / extra-scleral invasion and CNS involvement.
  • Choroidal invasion and optic nerve extension are poor prognostic features.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:

  • Coats disease: Absence of calcification or enhancement.
  • Persistent Fetal Vasculature: Retrolental mass which demonstrates enhancement and extends into the Hyaloid canal.
  • Retinal Astrocytic hamartoma: Associated with tuberous sclerosis. Imaging features include exudative retinal detachment, hemorrhage, and calcification. The lesion is non-progressive.

REFERENCES:

  1. Andreas M, Chirag V, Kristen W, High-Resolution MR Imaging of the Orbit in Patients with Retinoblastoma, RadioGraphics 2012; 32:1307–1326. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.325115176.

Dr. Anita Nagadi
MD, MRCPCH (UK), FRCR (UK), CCT (UK)
Senior Consultant Radiologist
Columbia Asia Radiology Group.

Dr. Akshay K
DNB Resident
Columbia Asia Radiology Group.